ZAFAR. A coil of Spanish rope.

ZAMBO. A term on the Spanish Main for a race produced by the union of the negro and the Indian; it literally means bow-legged.

ZEAL. A quality essentially requisite in forming the character of an efficient officer, since it comprehends ardour for the service, prompt obedience to orders, cheerful disposition, and a studious application to professional science.

ZECCHINO [from zecca, a mint]. A gold coin of Italy; average value, 9s. 6d.

ZECHIN. A Turkish coin. (See Sequin.)

ZENITH. The pole of the horizon, or that point in the heavens directly overhead, as nadir is that which is directly under our feet.

ZENITH-DISTANCE. The angular distance of any celestial object from the zenith at the time of observation. In navigation the meridional zenith-distance of a heavenly body is much used for finding the latitude.

ZEPHYR. The west wind, but generally considered to apply to any light pleasant breeze.

ZERO. The cypher or nought at the beginning of a graduated arc.

ZETETIC. The analytic method of investigating a mathematical problem.

ZIG-ZAG. The winding trench of approach of a besieger, directed by short turns alternately right and left of the defences of the place, to avoid being enfiladed by them. Called also a boyau.

ZIG-ZAG COURSE. Working to windward by very short tacks or angular turning boards.

ZODIAC. A broad zone or belt of the heavens, the middle of which is the ecliptic, extending 9° on either side of it. It is divided into twelve signs, each measuring 30° along the ecliptic.

ZODIACAL LIGHT. A pyramidal cone of light, apparently emanating from the rising and setting sun, commonly seen in the tropics; in higher latitudes most visible about the time of the equinoxes.

ZOLL, or Saul. An Indian timber, much used in the construction of country vessels.

ZONE. See Belt.

ZONE OF DECLINATION. A belt of the heavens included between certain parallels of declination.[744]

ZONES, in Geography, are longitudinal belts into which the surface of the earth is divided, according to their various relation to the sun's apparent motion. They are—the torrid or equatorial zone, bounded by the two tropics (which see), to every part of which, at some time or other, the sun is vertical; the frigid zones, from the poles to the polar circles, to every part of which in succession, periodically, the sun is at mid-day below the horizon; and the temperate zones, intermediate between the two former, to all of which the sun rises every day in the year.

ZOOPHYTE. A term compounded of two Greek words, signifying animal-plant, vaguely applied to various low forms of animal organizations, as the sea-anemones and coral animals, which present a certain superficial resemblance to plants.

ZOPISSA. Tar or pitch scraped off the bottoms of old ships, and thought to be astringent and good for ulcers. Also, a highly preservative varnish in use by the ancients for ships' bottoms, sarcophagi, &c.

ZUHN. A species of Indian rush, from which an inferior kind of cordage and canvas is made.

ZUMBRA. A Spanish skiff or yawl.

GLASGOW: W. G. BLACKIE AND CO., PRINTERS, VILLAFIELD.

Transcriber's Endnotes

In keeping with the original publication, whether due to typographical limitations or for ease of reference, accented capital letters do not appear in the text.

Hyphenation has been standardised. Compound words heading a definition in the text have been taken to be the preferred form in most cases. Additionally, where one form of a compound word has been used in a clear majority of instances, the least common form has been amended. Hyphenation remains as printed when used for emphasis or humourous effect, within quotations, or when no clear preference exists.

Several invalid links between definitions existed in the original text. Such errors caused by confusion between singular and plural forms, or word order, have been corrected without note.

Significant amendments, unresolved invalid links and further notes have been listed below.

P. 14, ABOX, 'Brace-abox' amended to Brace Aback.

P. 15, ACATER, 'Devil of an Ass' amended to The Devil is an Ass.

P. 16, ACKER, 'Eagor' amended to Aigre.

P. 23, AFFECTIONATE FRIENDS, 'Phil..more' amended to Phillimore.

P. 24, AFTER, 'mizzen' amended to mizen;
AFTER-FACE, 'Back of the Stern-post' amended to Back of the Post.

P. 29, ALBACORE, 'Scomberidæ' amended to Scombridæ.

P. 32, ALMURY, duplicate, out-of-sequence entry removed.

P. 35, AMAIN, 'Striking' amended to Strike; 'Wave' amended to Waving.

P. 37, AMPHOTEROPLON, 'Hetoroplon' amended to Heteroplon.

P. 38, ANCHOR, 'grappling' amended to grapling.

P. 41, ANEMONE, 'Sea-anemone' amended to Animal Flowers;
ANGLE, invalid links: 'curvilinear' and 'rectilinear'.

P. 42, ANGULAR CRAB, 'Gonophlex angulatus' amended to Goneplax angulata.

P. 45, ANTICHTHONES, originally 'ANTICTHONES'.

P. 46, APAGOGE, originally 'APAGOG'.

P. 52, ARM, 'tressel-trees' amended to trestle-trees.

P. 54, ARREST, 'her Majesty service' amended to Her Majesty's service.

P. 59, ATAGHAN, originally 'ATAGAN'; 'Yatagan' amended to Yataghan.

P. 62, AUTOMATIC BLOW-OFF APPARATUS, originally 'AUTOMIC ...'; 'Blowing-off' amended to Blow-off-pipe.

P. 64, AWNING, 'Euphræ' amended to Euphroe.

P. 67, BACKSTAYS, 'salvigee' amended to selvagee.

P. 68, BAD-RELIEF, invalid link: 'One-bell'.

P. 69, BAIDAR, 'Kaiack' amended to Kayak.

P. 70, BALANCE, 'Compensation' amended to Chronometer.

P. 74, BANANA, 'Musa paradisaica' amended to Musa paradisiaca;
BANG, 'amuk' amended to amok.

P. 76, BANK OF OARS, 'Double-bank' amended to Double-banked.

P. 80, BAROMETER, 'foretel' amended to foretell.

P. 84, BASTARD-MACKEREL, 'Scomberidæ' amended to Scombridæ.

P. 85, BATTENING THE HATCHES, 'Battens' amended to Battens of the Hatches.

P. 86, BATTERING GUNS, 'Garrison Artillery' amended to Garrison Guns.

P. 90, BEAR, 'rowsed' amended to roused.

P. 97, BERMUDA SAILS, ''Mugian' amended to 'Mudian.

P. 98, BIBBS, 'tressel-trees' amended to trestle-trees.

P. 99, BILBO, 'Bilboa' amended to Bilbao.

P. 102, BIRD'S-FOOT SEA-STAR, 'Arteriadæ' amended to Asterinidæ;
BIRD'S NEST, invalid link: 'Edible Bird's Nest', see AGAL-AGAL.

P. 105, BLADDER-FISH, 'tetrodon' amended to tetraodon.

P. 110, BLUBBER, invalid link: 'Sea-blubber', see JELLY-FISH.

P. 113, BOATSWAIN-BIRD, 'Phaeton œthereus' amended to Phaethon æthereus.

P. 116, BOLSTERS, 'tressel-trees' amended to trestle-trees.

P. 118, BOOK, 'muslins, bastas' amended to muslin, bast.

P. 120, BORE, 'Hoogley' amended to Hooghly.

P. 123, BOUND, 'Neap' amended to Neaped.

P. 125, BOWSE, 'pullies' amended to pulleys.

P. 126, BOXING, invalid link: 'Boxing of Rudder'.

P. 127, BRAB, 'sinnot' amended to sinnet;
BRACE ABACK, 'Counter-bracing' amended to Counter-brace.

P. 130, BREADTH, 'Top Breadth' amended to Top-timber Breadth;
BREAKERS, 'Bareca' amended to Bareka.

P. 136, BRISMAK, 'Brosmus vulgaris' amended to Brosmius vulgaris.

P. 137, BROCAGE, invalid link: 'brokerage';
BROCLES, invalid link: 'Strake-nails'.

P. 141, BUILDING, 'rabetting' amended to rabbeting.

P. 142, BULK-HEADS, 'rabetted' amended to rabbeted.

P. 147, BURGOO, 'Skillagalee' amended to Skilly;
BURNETTIZE, originally 'BURNETIZE';
BURTON, 'pullies' amended to pulleys.

P. 148, BUSY as the Devil in a gale of wind, 'Fidgetty' amended to Fidgety;
BUTESCARLI, 'the Equipment of' amended to Equipment.

P. 149, BYRTH, 'Birth or Berth' amended to Burden or Burthen.

P. 151, CABLE, To Coil a, 'Cackling, Keckling' amended to Keckling;
CABONS, 'Kaburus' amended to Kaburns.

P. 155, CAMP, 'Leaving the Camp' amended to Decamp.

P. 156, CANNON, 'pomelion' amended to pommelion.

P. 157, CANTEEN, 'suttling-house' amended to sutling-house.

P. 159, CAPE-HEN, 'Molly-mok' amended to Molly-mawk.

P. 160, CAP-SHORE, 'tressle-tree' amended to trestle-tree.

P. 161, CAPSTAN-BARS, 'hiccory' amended to hickory.

P. 162, CAPTAIN of the Port, invalid link: 'Port-captain'.

P. 164, CARL, 'Femble' amended to Female.

P. 165, CARR, 'Karr' amended to Car.

P. 169, CASTLE, 'After-castle' amended to Aft-castle.

P. 170, CAST OF THE LEAD, 'Heave and Sound' amended to Heave the Lead and Sounding;
CASTOR AND POLLUX, 'Composant and Corpo Santo' amended to Compasant and Corposant.

P. 174, CENTINEL, 'Sentry' amended to Sentinel.

P. 175, CETINE, 'Heyschius' amended to Hesychius.

P. 177, CHALDRICK, 'Hæmantopus ostralegus' amended to Hæmatopus ostralegus;
CHAMBER, 'Murtherer' amended to Murderer.

P. 178, CHAMFER, originally 'CHAMPFER'.

P. 179, CHART, invalid link: 'globular charts'.

P. 182, CHEEKS OF THE MAST, 'Trestle-tree Bibs' amended to Bibbs.

P. 183, CHEST-ROPE, 'Guest-rope' amended to Guess-warp;
CHEWING OF OAKUM, 'Space' amended to Seam.

P. 187, CIPHERING, 'Syphering' amended to Syphered;
CIRCLES, 'Less' amended to Lesser.

P. 188, CLAMS, 'Deep-sea Clam' amended to Clam.

P. 189, CLASP-HOOK, invalid link: 'Spar-hook';
CLEAN DONE, invalid link: 'Weathered'.

P. 190, CLEAR THE PENDANT, invalid link: 'Up and Clear the Pendant'.

P. 192, CLOSE-BUTT, 'rabbetted' amended to rabbeted;
CLOSE PACK, 'Pack' amended to Pack-ice.

P. 194, CLOY, 'Nail and Spike' amended to Nailing and Spiking;
CLUBBOCK, 'Gunellus vulgaris' amended to Gunnellus vulgaris.

P. 195, CLUMP-BLOCKS, invalid link: 'Tack-and-Sheet'.

P. 196, COAST-BLOCKADE, 'Sea Fencibles' amended to Fencibles.

P. 198, COCOA-NUT TREE, 'Palma' amended to Palmetto.

P. 199, COD-FISHER'S CREW, invalid link: 'Fisheries'.

P. 202, COMBUSTION, invalid link: 'Spontaneous Combustion'.

P. 204, COMMUNICATION, invalid link: 'Line of Communication'.

P. 210, CONTACT, 'Measurement by Sextant' amended to Sextant.

P. 212, COOP, invalid link: 'Hen-coop'.

P. 213, CORACORA, 'Koracora' amended to Korocora.

P. 215, COSTS AND DAMAGE, invalid link: 'Expenses'.

P. 222, CREPUSCULUM, invalid link: 'Twilight'.

P. 225, CROW-FOOT, 'uvrow' amended to uvrou;
CROWNING, 'Wall' amended to Wall-knot.

P. 227, CUDBERDUCE, 'Farn Isles' amended to Farne Isles;
CUMULO-CIRRO-STRATUS, originally 'CUMULO-CIRRUS-STRATUS'.

P. 232, CYPHERING, 'Syphering' amended to Syphered.

P. 235, DEAD-EYE, 'uvrows' amended to uvrous.

P. 236, DEAD-RISING, invalid link: 'Rising-line'.

P. 239, DECKS, assuming the accuracy of the rest of the table, the final figures in the lbs. column, originally '3960' and '1980', have been amended to 3920 and 1960;
DECK-STOPPER, 'Stopper' amended to Stopper of the Cable.

P. 246, DIAGONAL BRACES, 'Trussing' amended to Diagonal Trussing.

P. 248, DILLOSK, 'Dulse' amended to Dulce.

P. 252, DISTINGUISHING PENDANT, 'Signalling' amended to Signals.

P. 258, DORNICLE, 'vivaparous' amended to viviparous.

P. 262, DRAGOON, 'Trooper' amended to Troop.

P. 263, DREW, 'Fucus lorcus' amended to Fucus loreus;
DRIFT-ICE, 'Ice' amended to Open Ice.

P. 265, DROPS, 'munions' amended to munnions;
DRUMHEAD COURT-MARTIAL, 'Provost Martial' amended to Provost-Marshal.

P. 273, EEKING, 'Eiking' amended to Ekeing.

P. 274, EJECTAMENTA MARIS, 'Jetsom' amended to Jetsam.

P. 277, ENGINE, Marine, 'Steam-engine' amended to Marine Engines.

P. 280, ERRATIC WINDS, 'Variable Winds' amended to Variables.

P. 284, EYELET-HOLES, 'robans' amended to robands;
EYE OF THE WIND, invalid link: 'Wind's-eye';
EYE-SPLICE, 'Spliced-eye' amended to Splice;
EYGHT, 'alluvian' amended to alluvial.

P. 287, FALLING OUT, 'flairing' amended to flaring.

P. 290, FAUSSEBRAYE, 'counter-gard' amended to counterguard.

P. 293, FIDDLE-BLOCK, 'Long-tackle Blocks' amended to Long-tackles.

P. 296, FINE, invalid link: 'Fyen'.

P. 298, FIRE-BUCKETS, 'sinnett' amended to sinnet.

P. 299, FIRST QUARTER OF THE MOON, 'Quarter' amended to Quarter, First;
FISHERMAN'S BEND, invalid link: 'Studding-sail Bend'.

P. 308, FLOW, 'tideology' amended to tidology.

P. 309, FLUE, 'Fluke of Anchor' amended to Flukes.

P. 312, FOLLOWING, 'Quadrant of Double-stars' amended to Quadrant.

P. 316, FORERUNNERS, 'Log' amended to Log-line.

P. 318, FORMING THE ORDER OF SAILING, 'Sailing' amended to Sailing, Order of.

P. 320, FOUL HAWSE, 'Elbow and Hawse' amended to Elbow in the Hawse;
FOX, invalid link: 'Spanish Fox'.

P. 323, FRESH, 'Wind, Force of' amended to Force;
FRESHEN HAWSE, 'Cackling' amended to Keckling.

P. 324, FRESH WATER, 'Ice' amended to Iceberg.

P. 325, FRIGATE, 'Physalis pelagica' amended to Physalia pelagica.

P. 326, F.R.S., 'siglæ' amended to sigla.

P. 332, GALLEY-FOIST, 'Fuste' amended to Fust.

P. 333, GALLIGASKINS, 'Sap to the Divell' amended to Supplication to the Divell.

P. 335, GARNET, 'Clue Garnet-block' amended to Clue-garnets.

P. 338, GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION, 'Position' amended to Position, Geographical.

P. 340, GIRT, 'Riding' amended to Ride;
GIVE A SPELL, 'Spell-O!' amended to Spell.

P. 343, GONDOLA, 'rostrique tridentibus' amended to rostrisque tridentibus.

P. 346, GRAIN UPSET, 'buccles' amended to buckles.

P. 347, GRAPPLE, 'Duillius' amended to Duilius;
GRASS, 'Feed' amended to Feed of Grass;
GRATINGS OF THE HEAD, invalid link: 'Head-gratings'.

P. 348, GRAYLING, 'Umber' amended to Ombre;
GREAT-LINE FISHING, invalid link: 'Line-fishing';
GREEN, 'Pandulp' amended to Pandulph.

P. 352, GAUGE, originally 'GUAGE'; 'guage' amended to gauge; re-indexed (p. 337);
GAUGE-ROD, originally 'GUAGE-ROD'; re-indexed as above.

P. 354, GUIDOR, 'condor' amended to conder.

P. 355, GULF-WEED, 'crustaceæ' amended to crustacea.

P. 358, GUN-PORTS, 'Port-holes' amended to Ports.

P. 361, HADDOCK, 'Gadus ægilfinus' amended to Gadus æglefinus;
HAKE, 'Gadus merlucius' amended to Gadus merluccius.

P. 363, HAMACS, 'Hammocks and Hammacs' amended to Hammock.