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From Complete Book of Myths and Legends of China
By Unknown Author
Sacrifice-s. To Shang Ti, 95; to T’ai Sui, 194. See also Fêng-shan
Saint-s. See Shêng-jên
S’âkyamuni, See Shâkyamuni
Samgha. Sêng Pao; the Priesthood in Buddhism, 119
San Ch’ing. The three Heavens of Taoism, 124–125
San Kuan. The Three Agents,125; San Kuan Ta Ti, 125; T’ai Shang San Kuan, 125; sons of Dragon-king’s daughters, 126
“San Kuo Chih,” The Story of the Three Kingdoms; an historical romance, 117 sq.
San Pao. The Three Precious Things, or Treasures—Buddha, the Law, and the Priesthood, 119
San Yüan. The Three Origins,125; and the divisions of the year, 126; ‘the Three True Sovereigns, Guests of the Kingdom of Wu,’ 127
Scholars. Shih; the first class of the people, 28
Schools. See Accessory Institutions
Sciences, Little cultivated until modern times, 54 sq.
Sea. Dragon-kings of the, 210–211, 212; Yang Hou, Spirit of the, 212 sq.; legend of the Eight Immortals crossing the, 303–304
Seasons. Festivals of the, 44
Second Self. And worship of the living, 101, See also Other Self
Sêng Pao. Samgha; the Priesthood or Church, one of the San Pao of Buddhism, 119
Sentiments, Æsthetic and Moral, 51–52
Sha Ho-shang, or Sha Wu-ching. A priest in the Hsi yu chi, 326; and Kuan Yin, 3341 baggage coolie to Hsian Chuang, 334–335; journeys with the Master, 341 sq.; his reward, 368
Sha Wu-ching. See Sha Ho-shang
Shakya, or S’âkya. Same as S’âkyamuni Buddha, Shih-chia Fo, Gautama, 119. See Shâkyamuni
Shâkyamuni, S’âkyamuni, or Shih-chia Fo. The name used in Chinese literature for Gautama Buddha, 119; and Kuan Yin, 251 Page 447
“Shan Hai Ching.” The Hill and River Classic, 386
Shan Ts’ai. And Miao Shan, 271 sq.; his fidelity tested, 272 sq.; transformation of, 273; canonized, 287
Shang. The Merchants; the fourth class of the people, 28
Shang Ti. The Supreme Ruler, 94; and Ti, 94; worship of, 94–95; sacrifices to, 95; confused with T’ien, 96–97; confers on Chuang Chou the kingdom of Jupiter, 150
Shang Yang. Legend of the, 206–207
Shao, or Piao. Part of the constellation of the Great Bear, 106
Shê-chi. Gods of the Soil and Crops, 165
Shê-mo Wang. Gods of Serpents, 165
Shên. Name for gods, 103
Shên Chên-jên. And T’ai Sui, 195
“Shên Hsien Chuan.” Biographies of the Gods, by Ko Hung, 79
Shên I. The Divine Archer Ch’ih-chiang Tzŭ-yü, 180–181 and the Emperor Yao, 180 sq. and Fei Lien, 181, 204–205; shoots the nine false suns, 181–182; marries the sister of the Water-spirit, 182; canonized, 183; builds a palace for Chin Mu, 183–184; and the pill of immortality, 184–185; kills Chisel-tooth, 184; receives the sun-palace, 185–186; and the Bird of Dawn, 186–187; visits the moon, 187–188
Shên Kung-pao. Meets Chiang Tzŭ-ya, 155; tempts Chiang Tzŭ-ya to desert Chou, 155; his power to separate his head from his body, 155; discards his head, 156; his head taken by Ancient Immortal of the South Pole, 156–157; obtains his head again, 157
Shên Lang. Hsü Chên-chün and, 223–224
Shên Nung, or Ti Huang Shih. A legendary emperor, 81, 247; and T’ai I, 143; as God of Agriculture, 143, 165, 239; as God of Fire (Huo Ti, Yen Ti), 239; as God of Medicine, 247
Shên Pao, or Lao Tzŭ. Third person of Taoist triad, 125
Shên Shih. The Gentry; a social division, 28
Shên Shu. A Door-god, 173. See Mên Shên
Shêng-jên. Superhuman beings, saints, 125, 136
Shih. Officers, later Scholars; the first class of the people, 28
Shih Chin. Second son of Shih Ch’in-ch’ang, 255
Shih Ch’in-ch’ang. Father of the sons reborn as daughters of Queen Po Ya, 255
Shih Shan. Third son of Shih Ch’in-ch’ang, 255
Shih Wên. Eldest son of Shih Ch’in-ch’ang, 255
Shih-chi Niang-niang. And No-cha, 312–313
Shih-chia Fo. See Shâkyamuni
Shou Hsing, or Hsien Wêng. The God of Longevity, 165, 171–172; at first a stellar deity, 171–172; as an old man, 172; legend of, 172; and the Eight Immortals, 214; and Chu Jung, 238
Shu Yü. See Mên Shên
Shui. Water; and deliverance from evil, 125–126
Shui Kuan. Ruler of the Watery Elements, 216
Shui-mu Niang-niang. Old Mother of the Waters; legend of, 220 sq.; and Sun Hou-tzŭ, 221–222; and Kuan Yin, 221–222
Shun. Successor of the great Emperor Yao; with Yao and Yü as the Three Origins, 126–127
Shun-fêng Êrh, or Kao Chio. Favourable-wind Ear, 161 sq.; general of tyrant Chou, 161–162; encounters with No-cha, Yang Chien, Chiang Tzŭ-ya, Li Ching, and Lei Chên-tzŭ, 162 sq.; defeat of, 163–164; searches for heir to Miao Chuang, 254–255
Silkworms, Goddess of, 169
Sin. By the gods, 99
Sinkiang. The New Territory, or Eastern Turkestan; a dependency of China, 27
Six-toed People, 389 Page 448
Slavery. Unknown in early times, recognized in Monarchical Period, 48
Slow-carts Country. In Hsi yu chi, 352 sq.
Smallpox. God of, 175; Ministry of, 246–247; prevalence of, in China, 246–247
Snake, The Jointed. Legend of, 393
Snuff. Use of, 47
Snorter. See Chêng Lung
Social Intercourse, Laws of. Ceremonial observances, 42–43; ranks, how distinguished, 42; visits, 42; forms of address, 42; presents, 42; a source of misunderstanding between East and West, 42–43
Sociological Environment, 20–21
Soil, Gods of the, 165
Solitary Indeterminate. See I Tu
Solstices. Festivals of the, 44
Sombre Youth. See Heaven-deaf
Soul. Recalling the, 39–40; birth of the, 93
Soul-tablet, 40
“South Branch, Dream of the.” Nan k’o mêng; story of, 410 sq.
Sovereign-s. The Three True— see San Yüan; of the Eastern Air, 136–137; of the Western Air, 137; the nine Human—see Jên Huang
Spiders. Sun Hou-tzŭ and the, 364
Spine, Deformed in infancy to produce a scholarly stoop, 37
Spirit-s. Festivals, 44; T’ien the abode of the, 95–96; the Great One, the Great Unity, 142–143; an ox-spirit, 146; Spirit of the Blue Dragon Star, 146; of the White Tiger Star, 148; Spirit-boat, 151; of Ô-mei Shan—see T’ai-i Huang-jên; Spirit of the Waters, 182, and see Ho Po; Spirit of Lightning, 203–204; dragons regarded as spirits of the waters, 208; Spirit of the Sea, 212 sq.; of the Well, 217; of the North Star, 262–263, 270; of the South Pole Star, 329, 337
Sports and Games, 45–46
Ssŭ Ha Li Kuo. The Red Country, 359
Ssŭ Ta T’ian-wang. The Four Kings of Heaven; Taoist reflection of Chin-kang, 142
Ssŭ Tu. The Four Kings of the Sweet Water Department, 212
Ssŭ-ma Chêng. Author of Historical Records; his account of Nü Kua, 81–82
Star-s. Myths of the, 176 sq.; star-worship, 188–189; star-ruler, 189; effects of worship of, 189
Star-god-s. The Great Bear, 106 sq.; the God of Literature a star-god, 106 sq.; T’ai I, 144; Bushel Mother, 144–145; Blue Dragon, 146; White Tiger, 148; Ts’an Nü, 169; the God of Happiness, 169–170; the God of Longevity, 171–172; Leo, ‘Throne of the Five Emperors’ in, 176; the Cycle-gods, 177; Chang Hsien, 177 sq.; the Heavenly Dog, 177–178; Po I-k’ao, 192 sq.; God of the Wind, 204; ‘the Five Mountains,’ 242–243
Starting, The Great. T’ai ch’u, 90
States. Parts of provinces in early times, 29; power of princes of, 29
Storms, Ministry of, 198
“Story of the Three Kingdoms,” See San Kuo Chih
Substance. Chih; one of the elements of creation, 90
Sumêru. The central mountain or axis of the universe in Hindu mythology, 16; called Hsü-mi Shan in Chinese, 142
Su Ta. Assassin, 278, 279
Sun-s. P’an Ku and the, 77–78; influences terrestrial events, 176; symbol of the, 176; worship of, 176–177, 179; the nine false, 181–182; palace of the, conferred on Shên I, 186
Sun Hou-tzŭ. See Sun Wu-k’ung
Sun Wu-k’ung, or Sun Hou-tzŭ. The Monkey Fairy in the Hsi yu chi; and Shui-mu Niang-niang,221–222; represents human nature, 325; various names of, 326; born on Hua-kuo Shan, 326–327; Yü Huang and, 327 sq. ; his rod of iron, 328; Grand Master of the Heavenly Stables, 329; Grand Superintendent of Page 449the Heavenly Peach-garden, 329–330; acquires double immortality, 330; and T’ien Kou, 331; distilled in Lao Chün’s furnace, 331–332; in jumping competition with Buddha, 332–333; and Kuan Yin, 333; journeys to the Western Paradise with the Master, 341 sq. ; and the Demons of the Lotus Gave, 345 sq. ; saves the Master, 345 sq.
, 352, 358 sq. , 363–364, 365–366; and the Red Child Demon, 350 sq. ; and the Demons of Blackwater River, 352; in Slow-carts Country, 352 sq. ; in the Buddhist temple, 364–365; returns home, 367 sq.
Sun-king. T’ai-yang Ti-chün, or Jih-kung Ch’ih-chiang; 179; and legend of Ch’ih-chiang Tzŭ-yü, 179 sq.; legend of the—see Ch’ih-chiang Tzŭ-yü and Shên I
Sung Dynasty. Philosophers of, and mythology, 73
Super-tao. Chuang Tzŭ’s, 91
Super-triad of Gods, 100–101
Superstition-s, 53–54; fêng-shui, 54, 209; astrological, 176
Supreme Ruler. See Shang Ti
Sacrifice-s. To Shang Ti, 95; to T’ai Sui, 194. See also Fêng-shan
Saint-s. See Shêng-jên
S’âkyamuni, See Shâkyamuni
Samgha. Sêng Pao; the Priesthood in Buddhism, 119
San Ch’ing. The three Heavens of Taoism, 124–125
San Kuan. The Three Agents,125; San Kuan Ta Ti, 125; T’ai Shang San Kuan, 125; sons of Dragon-king’s daughters, 126
“San Kuo Chih,” The Story of the Three Kingdoms; an historical romance, 117 sq.
San Pao. The Three Precious Things, or Treasures—Buddha, the Law, and the Priesthood, 119
San Yüan. The Three Origins,125; and the divisions of the year, 126; ‘the Three True Sovereigns, Guests of the Kingdom of Wu,’ 127
Scholars. Shih; the first class of the people, 28
Schools. See Accessory Institutions
Sciences, Little cultivated until modern times, 54 sq.
Sea. Dragon-kings of the, 210–211, 212; Yang Hou, Spirit of the, 212 sq.; legend of the Eight Immortals crossing the, 303–304
Seasons. Festivals of the, 44
Second Self. And worship of the living, 101, See also Other Self
Sêng Pao. Samgha; the Priesthood or Church, one of the San Pao of Buddhism, 119
Sentiments, Æsthetic and Moral, 51–52
Sha Ho-shang, or Sha Wu-ching. A priest in the Hsi yu chi, 326; and Kuan Yin, 3341 baggage coolie to Hsian Chuang, 334–335; journeys with the Master, 341 sq.; his reward, 368
Sha Wu-ching. See Sha Ho-shang
Shakya, or S’âkya. Same as S’âkyamuni Buddha, Shih-chia Fo, Gautama, 119. See Shâkyamuni
Shâkyamuni, S’âkyamuni, or Shih-chia Fo. The name used in Chinese literature for Gautama Buddha, 119; and Kuan Yin, 251 Page 447
“Shan Hai Ching.” The Hill and River Classic, 386
Shan Ts’ai. And Miao Shan, 271 sq.; his fidelity tested, 272 sq.; transformation of, 273; canonized, 287
Shang. The Merchants; the fourth class of the people, 28
Shang Ti. The Supreme Ruler, 94; and Ti, 94; worship of, 94–95; sacrifices to, 95; confused with T’ien, 96–97; confers on Chuang Chou the kingdom of Jupiter, 150
Shang Yang. Legend of the, 206–207
Shao, or Piao. Part of the constellation of the Great Bear, 106
Shê-chi. Gods of the Soil and Crops, 165
Shê-mo Wang. Gods of Serpents, 165
Shên. Name for gods, 103
Shên Chên-jên. And T’ai Sui, 195
“Shên Hsien Chuan.” Biographies of the Gods, by Ko Hung, 79
Shên I. The Divine Archer Ch’ih-chiang Tzŭ-yü, 180–181 and the Emperor Yao, 180 sq. and Fei Lien, 181, 204–205; shoots the nine false suns, 181–182; marries the sister of the Water-spirit, 182; canonized, 183; builds a palace for Chin Mu, 183–184; and the pill of immortality, 184–185; kills Chisel-tooth, 184; receives the sun-palace, 185–186; and the Bird of Dawn, 186–187; visits the moon, 187–188
Shên Kung-pao. Meets Chiang Tzŭ-ya, 155; tempts Chiang Tzŭ-ya to desert Chou, 155; his power to separate his head from his body, 155; discards his head, 156; his head taken by Ancient Immortal of the South Pole, 156–157; obtains his head again, 157
Shên Lang. Hsü Chên-chün and, 223–224
Shên Nung, or Ti Huang Shih. A legendary emperor, 81, 247; and T’ai I, 143; as God of Agriculture, 143, 165, 239; as God of Fire (Huo Ti, Yen Ti), 239; as God of Medicine, 247
Shên Pao, or Lao Tzŭ. Third person of Taoist triad, 125
Shên Shih. The Gentry; a social division, 28
Shên Shu. A Door-god, 173. See Mên Shên
Shêng-jên. Superhuman beings, saints, 125, 136
Shih. Officers, later Scholars; the first class of the people, 28
Shih Chin. Second son of Shih Ch’in-ch’ang, 255
Shih Ch’in-ch’ang. Father of the sons reborn as daughters of Queen Po Ya, 255
Shih Shan. Third son of Shih Ch’in-ch’ang, 255
Shih Wên. Eldest son of Shih Ch’in-ch’ang, 255
Shih-chi Niang-niang. And No-cha, 312–313
Shih-chia Fo. See Shâkyamuni
Shou Hsing, or Hsien Wêng. The God of Longevity, 165, 171–172; at first a stellar deity, 171–172; as an old man, 172; legend of, 172; and the Eight Immortals, 214; and Chu Jung, 238
Shu Yü. See Mên Shên
Shui. Water; and deliverance from evil, 125–126
Shui Kuan. Ruler of the Watery Elements, 216
Shui-mu Niang-niang. Old Mother of the Waters; legend of, 220 sq.; and Sun Hou-tzŭ, 221–222; and Kuan Yin, 221–222
Shun. Successor of the great Emperor Yao; with Yao and Yü as the Three Origins, 126–127
Shun-fêng Êrh, or Kao Chio. Favourable-wind Ear, 161 sq.; general of tyrant Chou, 161–162; encounters with No-cha, Yang Chien, Chiang Tzŭ-ya, Li Ching, and Lei Chên-tzŭ, 162 sq.; defeat of, 163–164; searches for heir to Miao Chuang, 254–255
Silkworms, Goddess of, 169
Sin. By the gods, 99
Sinkiang. The New Territory, or Eastern Turkestan; a dependency of China, 27
Six-toed People, 389 Page 448
Slavery. Unknown in early times, recognized in Monarchical Period, 48
Slow-carts Country. In Hsi yu chi, 352 sq.
Smallpox. God of, 175; Ministry of, 246–247; prevalence of, in China, 246–247
Snake, The Jointed. Legend of, 393
Snuff. Use of, 47
Snorter. See Chêng Lung
Social Intercourse, Laws of. Ceremonial observances, 42–43; ranks, how distinguished, 42; visits, 42; forms of address, 42; presents, 42; a source of misunderstanding between East and West, 42–43
Sociological Environment, 20–21
Soil, Gods of the, 165
Solitary Indeterminate. See I Tu
Solstices. Festivals of the, 44
Sombre Youth. See Heaven-deaf
Soul. Recalling the, 39–40; birth of the, 93
Soul-tablet, 40
“South Branch, Dream of the.” Nan k’o mêng; story of, 410 sq.
Sovereign-s. The Three True— see San Yüan; of the Eastern Air, 136–137; of the Western Air, 137; the nine Human—see Jên Huang
Spiders. Sun Hou-tzŭ and the, 364
Spine, Deformed in infancy to produce a scholarly stoop, 37
Spirit-s. Festivals, 44; T’ien the abode of the, 95–96; the Great One, the Great Unity, 142–143; an ox-spirit, 146; Spirit of the Blue Dragon Star, 146; of the White Tiger Star, 148; Spirit-boat, 151; of Ô-mei Shan—see T’ai-i Huang-jên; Spirit of the Waters, 182, and see Ho Po; Spirit of Lightning, 203–204; dragons regarded as spirits of the waters, 208; Spirit of the Sea, 212 sq.; of the Well, 217; of the North Star, 262–263, 270; of the South Pole Star, 329, 337
Sports and Games, 45–46
Ssŭ Ha Li Kuo. The Red Country, 359
Ssŭ Ta T’ian-wang. The Four Kings of Heaven; Taoist reflection of Chin-kang, 142
Ssŭ Tu. The Four Kings of the Sweet Water Department, 212
Ssŭ-ma Chêng. Author of Historical Records; his account of Nü Kua, 81–82
Star-s. Myths of the, 176 sq.; star-worship, 188–189; star-ruler, 189; effects of worship of, 189
Star-god-s. The Great Bear, 106 sq.; the God of Literature a star-god, 106 sq.; T’ai I, 144; Bushel Mother, 144–145; Blue Dragon, 146; White Tiger, 148; Ts’an Nü, 169; the God of Happiness, 169–170; the God of Longevity, 171–172; Leo, ‘Throne of the Five Emperors’ in, 176; the Cycle-gods, 177; Chang Hsien, 177 sq.; the Heavenly Dog, 177–178; Po I-k’ao, 192 sq.; God of the Wind, 204; ‘the Five Mountains,’ 242–243
Starting, The Great. T’ai ch’u, 90
States. Parts of provinces in early times, 29; power of princes of, 29
Storms, Ministry of, 198
“Story of the Three Kingdoms,” See San Kuo Chih
Substance. Chih; one of the elements of creation, 90
Sumêru. The central mountain or axis of the universe in Hindu mythology, 16; called Hsü-mi Shan in Chinese, 142
Su Ta. Assassin, 278, 279
Sun-s. P’an Ku and the, 77–78; influences terrestrial events, 176; symbol of the, 176; worship of, 176–177, 179; the nine false, 181–182; palace of the, conferred on Shên I, 186
Sun Hou-tzŭ. See Sun Wu-k’ung
Sun Wu-k’ung, or Sun Hou-tzŭ. The Monkey Fairy in the Hsi yu chi; and Shui-mu Niang-niang,221–222; represents human nature, 325; various names of, 326; born on Hua-kuo Shan, 326–327; Yü Huang and, 327 sq. ; his rod of iron, 328; Grand Master of the Heavenly Stables, 329; Grand Superintendent of Page 449the Heavenly Peach-garden, 329–330; acquires double immortality, 330; and T’ien Kou, 331; distilled in Lao Chün’s furnace, 331–332; in jumping competition with Buddha, 332–333; and Kuan Yin, 333; journeys to the Western Paradise with the Master, 341 sq. ; and the Demons of the Lotus Gave, 345 sq. ; saves the Master, 345 sq.
, 352, 358 sq. , 363–364, 365–366; and the Red Child Demon, 350 sq. ; and the Demons of Blackwater River, 352; in Slow-carts Country, 352 sq. ; in the Buddhist temple, 364–365; returns home, 367 sq.
Sun-king. T’ai-yang Ti-chün, or Jih-kung Ch’ih-chiang; 179; and legend of Ch’ih-chiang Tzŭ-yü, 179 sq.; legend of the—see Ch’ih-chiang Tzŭ-yü and Shên I
Sung Dynasty. Philosophers of, and mythology, 73
Super-tao. Chuang Tzŭ’s, 91
Super-triad of Gods, 100–101
Superstition-s, 53–54; fêng-shui, 54, 209; astrological, 176
Supreme Ruler. See Shang Ti